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Although the basic mechanism for exception handling did not change for the JDK 1.1, many new exception and error classes were added to JDK for 1.1. For the sake of brevity and deadlines, we do not list them here.
java.lang
Three new data type wrapper classes were added to the java.lang package in the JDK 1.1:
Byte
Short
Void
Byte
andShort
are subclasses ofNumber
and are similar to the other data type wrapper classes such asInteger
.Void
was added for completeness and is a subclass ofObject
.Void
is used by the reflection methods to representvoid
return types.The tutorial does not cover these classes. They will be covered in the second edition of The Java Language Specification and are covered online in the
javadoc
-generated API documentation.
java.io
Thejava.io
package has been extended with character streams, which are like byte streams except that they read and write 16-bit Unicode characters rather than eight-bit bytes. Additionally,java.io
has been extended to support object serialization.The new classes are:
BufferedReader
andBufferedWriter
CharArrayReader
andCharArrayWriter
FileReader
andFileWriter
FilterReader
andFilterWriter
InputStreamReader
LineNumberReader
ObjectInputStream
andObjectOutputStream
ObjectStreamClass
OutputStreamWriter
PipedReader
andPipedWriter
PrintWriter
PushbackReader
Reader
andWriter
StringReader
andStringWriter
The new interfaces are:
All of the I/O classes, including the new character streams, are covered in Reading and Writing (but no 'rithmetic)
Externalizable
ObjectInput
ObjectInputValidation
ObjectOutput
Serializable
.
java.util
Eight classes were added tojava.util
to support internationalization:Our online trail Internationalization
Calendar
GregorianCalendar
ListResourceBundle
Locale
PropertyResourceBundle
ResourceBundle
SimpleTimeZone
TimeZone
contains information about writing Java programs that are independent of users' language and culture.
Two classes were added to
java.util
to support event handling:
EventListener
EventObject
java.net
Three classes and one interface were added to thejava.net
package:
DatagramSocketImpl
HttpURLConnection
MulticastSocket
FileNameMap
(an interface)Broadcasting to Multiple Recipients
provides an example of using a
MulticastSocket
. The other classes and interfaces are not covered in this tutorial.
java.applet
The basic applet API hasn't changed, except for the addition of an attribute,ARCHIVE
, to the<APPLET>
tag. With the help of the newARCHIVE
attribute, you can tell browsers to load your applet's files from Java archive (JAR) files. Using JAR files can significantly reduce applet loading time and help you work around unnecessary security restrictions.Since applets can use most of the classes in the JDK, most of the changes described in other trails apply to applets, as well. Applets are probably most affected by the 1.1 changes to the AWT (see the next section). Another significant change is that signed classes make it possible to create trusted applets (depending on browser support).
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